By Matthew Best, Senior Underwriting Manager
(Estimated reading time: 4 minutes, 44 seconds)
This article was first published in the June edition of APIL’s PI Focus magazine.
Having written previously on likely case areas for Covid-19 clinical negligence claims, in this update I have further thoughts on that topic, but also consider other types of litigation, including a potential ‘minefield’ of concerns surrounding nursing and care homes.
I’d like to start with my view that there will be a significant rise in personal injury claims resulting from the pandemic. Whilst I recognise that NHS staff performed heroically treating Covid-19 patients, there will inevitably be focus on certain aspects of the care provided; particularly at the start of the pandemic in early spring 2020. Then there are the NHS (or Scottish Government) decisions’ concerning the treatment prioritisation and screening of patients.
Another area of scrutiny is the decision to move elderly hospital patients out of the hospital system into nursing and care homes; most without a Covid-19 test. It was widely reported this decision was made to clear space for an anticipated significant increase in Covid-19 patients.
Consideration could be given to undertaking a review into actual ITU bed occupancy in each hospital to see if the data supports that the action taken was a necessary one.
Due to care/nursing home staff being unaware of the condition of the patients sent to them, it seems highly likely many of them unknowingly passed the virus on to both staff and other residents, causing a spike in care home infections.
This, sadly, lead to a significant increase in the number of deaths – one vastly in excess of what was expected at that time, or indeed, any time of year. Hindsight may be easy, but this was clearly a questionable strategy.
So how should those cases be approached?
In my opinion anybody running such a claim will need to review the initial decision taken by the referring hospital or doctor i.e. who took it, when and relying on what information?
- A case should focus on what the doctors knew or ought to have known about the medical condition of those patients; in particular, were they likely to be in a category of patients who may already have Covid-19?
- The same can be said for a delayed diagnosis of cancer patient, which I touched upon previously. If the answer to any such questions is yes, then the courts ought to conclude there was a duty of care on the part of the referring doctor/hospital.
- This would be to either test the patient prior to discharge or, at the very least, inform the care home staff that the patient being transferred had not been tested and therefore in a category of all patients who may have Covid-19. Had they done so, protective measures would presumably have been put into place.
On any rational analysis of the published figures, it appears this policy of not testing prior to transfer led to many more deaths in nursing homes. Deaths that might have been prevented had the hospitals tested many more patients.
It will not be until the first cases come through the courts – perhaps later this year – that we will get an indication of how the courts are likely to approach such matters.
Clearly, some issues may appear easier to navigate through than others. I think it would take a brave solicitor bringing a claim ostensibly for lack of provision of PPE or even a safe workspace for, say, bus drivers, supermarket staff and other key workers.
A claim might stand a better chance for employees ‘forced’ to come into an office where social distancing wasn’t possible or not even attempted. Examples of this could include construction workers.
One final area of difficulty will be cases based on Hospital Acquired Covid-19 (similar to the MRSA claims). Other case types might well be easier factually, including clinical negligence cases for –
- failure to diagnose or failure to treat effectively, and
- for non-Covid patients (Cancer/Heart) who have had treatment cancelled/delayed as a result of dealing with Covid-19.
In these situations we will need to look at whether the delay was ‘reasonable’ in the circumstances; the ‘circumstances’ being that we were in a lockdown/partial lockdown etc.
Of course there may be sympathy for the NHS which may, in effect, mean a slightly higher bar set for what is considered ‘reasonably competent’, one that will be interpreted by the courts through the lens of a pandemic.
Breach of duty may therefore need to be more obvious before a case is taken on. There will also be causation risks around how effective a solicitor could say earlier treatment would have been.
One final factor is that, unless a patient passes away, there are currently few reports on the long-term effects of Covid-19. This means, save for fatal cases, damages awarded in many of them may well be modest. Assuming say a 3-6 month recovery period then, unless you have a particularly high earner, these claim values are likely to be under £25k – a further reason to be even more cautious.
In conclusion, in order to give your clients the very best chance of obtaining access to justice, identifying the key issues so you are ready when Covid-19 claims start to emerge, and the likely attitude of the courts will be vital.
We may of course be waiting quite some time for these cases to emerge after No 10 announced, to the anger of bereaving families, by telling them it will be too busy to start an inquiry into the UK’s handling of the Covid pandemic for months. The government’s position, to effectively place the inquiry into the long grass has certainly caused unrest among many people, I can quite understand why.
Please do call me on 01483 514804 or email matthew.best@temple-legal.co.uk with your observations on this topic or to discuss your ATE insurance requirements.
Matthew Best Cert CII
Head of Personal Injury & Clinical Negligence
01483 514804
Matthew Best Cert CII
Matt has an insurance background and joined Temple in 2011 having worked for 4 years in a leading insurance company where he was dealing with personal injury work. Matthew was promoted to Underwriting Manager and subsequently Senior Underwriting Manager taking on overall responsibility for Temple’s personal injury and clinical negligence underwriting department.
In 2022 Matt joined the board of directors as Director of ATE Partnerships. Matthew has cultivated fantastic relationships with our business partners for many years. His ability to build a clear understanding of their requirements and more importantly what is required to fulfil such requirements means he is ideally placed to support the strategic direction of the company.
Matt remains the head of the personal injury and clinical negligence department and is committed to all Temple’s business partners in order to deliver the highest level of service they expect. He is also responsible in making sure that Temple’s ATE and disbursement funding products remain competitive, but most importantly that they are fit for purpose for solicitors and their clients.
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